Wednesday 25 November 2015

Bibliography

(Hills, 2005)
Hills, B. M. (2005, April 1). https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=oPyTJEKHWMoC&pg=PA18&lpg=PA18&dq=audience+pleasures+of+horror&source=bl&ots=c05znexVv4&sig=Z1Xr29Ksbvjn52VF3EDfXdFo55A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiZiqiWvavJAhUIhhoKHVOaDDgQ6AEIJTAB#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved from The pleasures of horror : https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=oPyTJEKHWMoC&pg=PA18&lpg=PA18&dq=audience+pleasures+of+horror&source=bl&ots=c05znexVv4&sig=Z1Xr29Ksbvjn52VF3EDfXdFo55A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiZiqiWvavJAhUIhhoKHVOaDDgQ6AEIJTAB#v=onepage&q&f=false
Thompson, D. B. (2003). Film Art . new york.

Why Our Brains Love Horror Movies. (2011, October 25th). Retrieved November 2nd, 2015, from thedailybeast: http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2011/10/25/why-our-brains-love-horror-movies-fear-catharsis-a-sense-of-doom.html

(Thompson, 2003)
Hills, B. M. (2005, April 1). https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=oPyTJEKHWMoC&pg=PA18&lpg=PA18&dq=audience+pleasures+of+horror&source=bl&ots=c05znexVv4&sig=Z1Xr29Ksbvjn52VF3EDfXdFo55A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiZiqiWvavJAhUIhhoKHVOaDDgQ6AEIJTAB#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved from The pleasures of horror : https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=oPyTJEKHWMoC&pg=PA18&lpg=PA18&dq=audience+pleasures+of+horror&source=bl&ots=c05znexVv4&sig=Z1Xr29Ksbvjn52VF3EDfXdFo55A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiZiqiWvavJAhUIhhoKHVOaDDgQ6AEIJTAB#v=onepage&q&f=false
Thompson, D. B. (2003). Film Art . new york.


  
(Rosalind Noonan, 2013)
Rosalind Noonan, N. B. (2013). https://www.google.co.uk/search?hl=&q=Sinister+Extended+Cut+Endings&surl=1&safe=active&gws_rd=ssl#safe=strict&q=sinister+book. Retrieved from sinister: https://www.google.co.uk/search?hl=&q=Sinister+Extended+Cut+Endings&surl=1&safe=active&gws_rd=ssl#safe=strict&q=sinister+book

 (Danielewski, 2000)

(Porter, 1971)

(jackson, 2013)

jackson, k. (2013). technology, monstrosity, and reproduction in twenty-first century Horror. united states: PALGRAVE MACMILLAN.

(Georgieva, 2013)

Georgieva, M. (2013). Gothic child. uk: Palgrave Macmillan.
jackson, k. (2013). technology, monstrosity, and reproduction in twenty-first century Horror. united states: PALGRAVE MACMILLAN.

(Westfahl, 1999)

Georgieva, M. (2013). Gothic child. uk: Palgrave Macmillan.
jackson, k. (2013). technology, monstrosity, and reproduction in twenty-first century Horror. united states: PALGRAVE MACMILLAN.
Westfahl, G. (1999). Nursery Realms: Children in the Worlds of Science Fiction, Fantasy, and Horror . usa.

(Debbie C. Olson, 2012)

Debbie C. Olson, A. S. (2012). Lost and Othered Children in Contemporary Cinema. plymouth .
Georgieva, M. (2013). Gothic child. uk: Palgrave Macmillan.
jackson, k. (2013). technology, monstrosity, and reproduction in twenty-first century Horror. united states: PALGRAVE MACMILLAN.

Westfahl, G. (1999). Nursery Realms: Children in the Worlds of Science Fiction, Fantasy, and Horror . usa.

(king, 1986)
Debbie C. Olson, A. S. (2012). Lost and Othered Children in Contemporary Cinema. plymouth .
Georgieva, M. (2013). Gothic child. uk: Palgrave Macmillan.
jackson, k. (2013). technology, monstrosity, and reproduction in twenty-first century Horror. united states: PALGRAVE MACMILLAN.
king, s. (1986). It. united states: viking.

Westfahl, G. (1999). Nursery Realms: Children in the Worlds of Science Fiction, Fantasy, and Horror . usa.

Critical Investigation - Task 1

Sinister Extended Cut Endings



This video clip is from the First Sinister movie by Scott Derrickson which was released in October 2012. The beginning of the video clip is someone turning ON the switch to the operator. The camera movement then slowly moves to the protagonists face who is the dad in the movie, there is then a close up of his face looking at the big projector. The setting is that the man is shown to be sitting in a big dark room which shows to have low key lighting.He has put on old videos that he found from the previous family who loved in the same house as him, the camera then moves back to the man face and the lighting had become more low key so it looks quite dark. the sound in the background is quite spooky and demanding which connotes that something bad is about to happen. the video footage shows a family handing on a tree with a rope tied around their necks and their faces are covered wit bags, suddenly the man spots something. The young girl from the previous family is climbing back down from the same tree her family is hanging down from, the little girl then walks up to one of the bodies and starts swinging off it pretending she is at the park swinging on a climbing frame, this automatically suggests that the little girl could be possessed in some sort of way as this is shown not to be normal behaviour. The girl then skips towards the camera and stands there with her finger covering her mouth (the sign saying shhh) the man then recognises the girl by saying her name in shock then she suddenly disappears from the screen. The next shot is of a car on fire with chains around it.. then a young boy comes in front looking directly at the screen, doing the same gesture as the girl, (shhh) the camera goes back to the low key lighting and colours are very dark ans dull. the man then looks confused at the child and then the boy disappears again. through out the video clips there are different tragic deaths that have happened and a child has appeared ion the screen doing then same gesture, this shows that the children are the ones who are killing people and the gesture (shhh) is being repeated by all the children which shows that some demon could be possessing them to be doing this and they know what they are doing isnt right so they do the particular gesture to sort of show that it is a secret and they don't want to tell anyone. 



Orphan Trailer 



I feel that this film trailer successfully and conventionally follows the typical structure of film trailers. It starts off slowly, letting us know that this family was going to adopt a child, called Esther. Then towards the middle of the film trailer we begin to find out that this child is troubled, and there is something wrong. Then, the climax appears and we receive a visual montage of the different types of torment that Esther puts this mother and family through. The structure allows the audience to know what the general narrative of the film is about, but doesn’t give too much away which allows the audience to remain intrigued. For example, we see the other children in the film being used to get to the mother, e.g. when the little girl gets pushed in front of the car, etc. But we never get to see the outcome, or what happens to the child. An enigma is set up too; we know something is wrong with Esther, but what? When watching this trailer, I realised that the mood and the target audiences understanding of the film trailer is created through mise en scene elements such as lighting, body language, setting and so on. Settings/ backgrounds are used throughout this trailer to create realism. The typical conventions that we see in any psychological horror film are also shown in this film trailer which will appeal and attract to the correct target audience. For example, schools are a common convention of a psychological horror film and in this film trailer; we see two different schools in different locations. This could be because of the fact that the killer has had a bad childhood and wants to seek revenge on other children/ teenagers, for example.  Also, the main setting is in the family’s home which is the most common setting for any horror film of any sub genre. This could be because the audience are therefore able to picture themselves in this situation and would therefore be more thrilling and un-nerving. We see a hospital, a park and so on, and these types of setting simply create realism. In one scene in the park, where Esther spots the girl that bullied her about the way she dressed, we see her follow the girl up to the top of one of the play instruments where she appears to push her off. A shot is then shown of Esther at the top, looking powerful and like it was her kingdom, her domain, due to the low angle of the shot. Other mise-en-scene elements add to the effect. Esther’s dark, old-fashioned costume and the shape of her hat give her a witch-like appearance that immediately leads us to see her as evil, sinister and a danger to innocent children.

Friday 6 November 2015

Notes & Quotes

Notes and Quotes 


Children in Horror Films (Rachel Howe)
·         a lot of people think about when watching scary movies are why are the evil characters always children or targeting children.

·         this is because they are so innocent that when they are possessed or have evil in them that that automatically makes them much scarier than if it was happening to an adult

·         When watching horror films there seems to be nothing scarier than the little kid who just pops up on screen and you know is about to do something so crazy or witness an event that will change their personality for the rest of the film. 

      These are two of the ways in which children appear in film and I think that when there is a child in a film it only makes it scarier.

·         I have seen kids present in horror films is as the kid who witnesses a horrifying act or sees a ghost or demon or other frightening creature.

·          usually is confused about what they are seeing or is scared and continues to be scared for the rest of the movie.  

·         This use of children shows how innocent kids can be and in some cases how trusting they can be
“This reminds me of movies like Paranormal Activity where the children have a relationship with the ghost creature and trust it as their friend but they are not the bad character overall in the story.



This can also be applied to a movie like The Sixth Sense where the little boy can see dead people and interact with them but he is not the actually evil character in the movie.”





Another way that children are represented in horror films would be as the creepy little kid. I think that this is the most popular in films and the way in which scares most people. 


You can tell from the minute these kids are on screen that they are the evil one and that they will most likely be manipulating people by their innocence or just causing issues right from the beginning. 
This can be seen in many different kinds of films in the genre and two that stand out for me is the movies about orphans that get adopted into new families and then their possessed side comes out or they bring their ghost friend with them. 


These characters often have the same look and backstory and this effects the rest of the film. They are often left alone after their parents have died and are forever changed as a result of it and they look weirdly perfect.


 They have nice hair, dark very plain clothes but there is something about all their faces that you know right when you see them that something is off.

 The other aspect of this type of film is that there are more creepy little girls than little boys. I do not know why this is or what sparked this trend but often little girls are the ones who are possessed.



 The only logical explanation that I can think of is that little girls are supposed to be “princesses” and so when they are doing evil things it is more shocking.


 Little boys can often be seen as getting into trouble and causing mischief so it would not be as weird if it were little boys.

 The other type of film where the little kid has a ghost friend that comes into the house to play with them but then wants them all to themselves has become popular as well.



This can be seen in films like Paranormal Activity and the new film which recently came out Mama.  Although not as evil as the kid who is possessed on their own it is still a popular motif and prevalent in the horror genre


“It is interesting to look at children in horror films and wonder why the director chose to make the villain a child.
The Shining this uses children in several different ways.”



I definitely think that the young age emphasizes the child’s innocence and adds to the scary quality.”


“For me, sometimes when I see an evil child that doesn’t seem “present,” and appears to be 
possessed, it also scares me because whatever is taking over the child’s body is sinister enough to take advantage of a child – a symbol of purity, innocence, and vulnerability. It makes me even more afraid of whatever is possessing the child because it must be ruthless.”


“children are supposed represent symbols of innocence and purity, so presenting them as evil beings would be totally opposite of their stereotypical behavior and sets an eerie contrast of character. “

Children also tend to have bigger imaginations, so it gives a more realistic vibe to them having a ghost friend”




Dark Side.” Why I hate “Creepy Kids” Horror movies (including a review of ORPHAN)”





I’m going declare my utter contempt for horror movies in which kids (or kid-sized slashers) are the primary villain.”



I imagine there are some of you who feel exactly the same way.
ow what if they have Satan on their side like Damien from The Omen or Mia Farrow’s love child with the devil in Rosemary’s Baby?  They have minions and supernatural powers so it’s not really a fair fight, but darn it if I’m still not scared of ‘em. 

 Their minions may overpower me or Satan might make a telephone pole fall on my head, but there’s no way those little guys can take me in a brawl.

Now little creatures attacking in groups (i.e. Puppet Master, Children of the Damned, Gremlins, Oompa-Loompas from Willy Wonka, etc…), that’s a totally different matter. 

However, these “evil children” movie genuinely affect some people. 
“Who could be afraid of such a thing?”

The answer lies in the demographic which these movies are targeting:  Women and families. 
These films play upon the fear of evil within your own family or inside your own home.  Your children are either in danger or have turned against you. 

Both prospects are frightening to a mother or even a father.

hey form an emotional empathy while watching the film because they can imagine themselves and their own family in that exact situation and it plays upon their worst fears.  

Those fears not only include the mortal danger of their family but also the horror of betrayal. 

“It ends with a kid having to kill, not just a rabid dog, but Yeller was a family member, his best friend who once saved his life. “
As an antidote to Orphan, I recommend the much more clever creepy kid filmJoshua

involves a super-intelligent kid who at first seems sociopathically jealous of his newborn sister. 
it looks like “baby horror” will soon eclipse “creepy kid horror” as a trend. 

“it is the effect of contrasting the innocense of children with evil (especially in the common case of the "evil child") which makes them seem more evil than just an evil adult would.”

Kids are scary, yo.”


they are considered 'Unpredictable', which can create anxiety, often turning them into 'folk devils'.
“'the Possessed' Child who demonstrates and awareness and is complicit of his own evils.”
Evil Children' as the representation of our societal fear of failing the younger, emergent generations:
Children aren't supposed to be scary.”



"Children who kill"



Remarkably well-acted, darkly humorous, and effectively disturbing”

 

“that was the scariest movie I've ever seen."

“Audience participation for both screenings I went to were very high.

 

“The violence committed by and toward children is shocking, realistic, and brutal.”

 

“Esther is one bad Mother F!”


 

Don't let the trailer fool you into thinking this is just another "evil kid" movie. Its really much more than that.”

 

 

http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1922777/reviews?ref_=tt_urv

 

“Best Horror Film in the Last Decade”


 

“I will have trouble sleeping tonight...”

 

 

 Why Our Brains Love Horror Movies

http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2011/10/25/why-our-brains-love-horror-movies-fear-catharsis-a-sense-of-doom.html

 

‘Films like Paranormal Activity 3 have a pre-registered audience just waiting for the latest Hollywood bouquet of blood, sweat, tears, and chills to exquisitely fill our lust for horribly sweet sensations,” Says Fischoff

 “Terror as the finest emotion, and so I will try to terrorize the reader.” 

Stephen King described

 “One of the major reasons we go to scary movies is to be scared,”  But the scare we crave—and this applies to haunted houses and spooky corn mazes no less than to horror movies—is a safe one. “We know that, in an hour or two, we’re going to walk out whole. We’re not going to have any holes in our head, and our hearts will still be in our bodies.”

 

Says Fischoff

There are people who have a tremendous need for stimulation and excitement,” “Horror movies are one of the better ways to get really excited.”

AGE:

That may explain why horror movies are most popular with younger audiences. Teens and twenties…

 “Are more likely to look for intense experiences,”

Says John Edward Campbell, an expert in media studies at Temple University.

That fades with age, especially as people become more sensitive to their own physiology: middle-aged and older adults tend not to seek out experiences that make their hearts race, and feel that real life is scary enough.

Foreclosure?

Unemployment?

Divorce?

They don’t need to get their scares from movies.

 

“Older people have stimulation fatigue’’

One of the more counterintuitive findings in the science of fear is that the stronger the negative emotions (fear, worry, anxiety...) a person reports experiencing during horror films, the more likely he or she is to enjoy the genre. Distress and delight are correlated.

“The pleasure comes from the relief that follows. It provides a cathartic effect, offering you emotional release and escape from the real world of bills and mortgages and the economy and relationships.”

 

 

 THE PECULIAR PLEASURES OF A POPULAR GENRE

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/095023897335691

 

‘It is argued that these attempts at posing general explanations of the appeal of horror are, at worst, inappropriately reductive and, at best, insufficiently specific, failing to distinguish the diverse pleasures that heterogeneous horror audiences take from their active involvement in the genre.’

‘It is suggested that the former, active and particularistic conception is to be preferred and that this necessitates a renewed attempt to grasp the diversity of what is, after all, a heterogeneous audience capable of taking diverse pleasures from their favored genre’

 

 

 The Reasons Why Children in Horror are So Frightening

 

http://www.modvive.com/2013/11/05/reasons-children-horror-frightening/

 

 

“Scary children are a mainstay in horror

“introducing kids into horror is the final turn of the screw.”

“a young girl and her doll as the main antagonists.”

“the fear that an evil child elicits”


“One of the most frightening things about horror is the subversion of expectation and the twisting of reality”

 

 

Evil Kids In The Horror Genre: Why Do They Scare Us So Much?



Vault of Horror talks about the evil destruction of childhood:
For the longest time, horror films and the concept of childhood have had a complex relationship.

Which brings me to the original topic: evil kids in the horror genre. Ruling out the literal destruction of the child, the closest most horror creators choose to come is the destruction of childhood. If horror is all about the corruption of good, then the corruption of the ultimate good, the innocence of childhood, is about as evil as it gets.

For this reason, the depiction of evil children stirs up deep feelings of dread and revulsion in many viewers.

it is this underlying sense of profound and incomprehensible wrongness that causes us to fear the so-called “evil child” in horror movies

Kindertrauma shares thoughts on evil children and their power:

I should make a distinction right away between "creepy" kids and killer kids. Creepy kids are more passive and may just show up to sing a song about how you're going to die or shove bloody images into your brain to freak you out.

less supernatural "killer" kid, 

children do hold some kind of impossible to understand control over our psyches.

Gospel of the Living Dead talks about zombie children:

Night of the Living Dead (1968), is one of the most striking examples of an evil child in horror films. Here is a child who stabs her mother to death with a trowel, then eats her father.

“zombie children.
Blogue Macabre examines supernatural evil children:

horror genre is that of Evil Children and to expand that somewhat, I will include possessed or otherwise supernaturally afflicted children as I believe many aspects that make these films unsettling are closely related to that of inherently evil children.

TheoFantastique reflects on why evil children get under our skin:

children represent our individual and collective future,



Unspeakable Horror speaks out on evil children:

I was very traumatized by the little boy in Pet Semetary, who is also buried and reborn, which could be another image of repression.

Horror writers themselves have sought to define the genre, and what these definitions lack in operationally they more than made up for in colourful imagery
 “Terror as the finest emotion, and so I will try to terrorize the reader” (p. 37).
Stephen King (1981)
Modern master of horror

 

 http://www.theguardian.com/film/shortcuts/2013/mar/04/children-allowed-act-harrowing-films



Should children be allowed to act in harrowing films?

"But what if the child is in a movie they would be way too young to watch?"



"led to years of trauma and shame"
 keep the kids in the dark


the kid in The Shining never realised he was in a horror movie.

after the movie came out, they were frightened of her, as if she had actually been possessed.

"putting kids into mature movies can turn out disastrously"

https://muse.jhu.edu/journals/cul/summary/v071/71.kattelman.html

The Pleasures of Horror 

He posits that the pleasures of horror must be located in discourse because nondiscursive access to these pleasures is a "logical impossibility" 

 Hills looks to various sites of horror fan agency, including postings to online horror message boards, fan resistance to censorship, and fan appreciation of self-referentiality.

 He finds that each of these theorists also falls short because they link pleasure to "object directed" emotions, thus ignoring the "objectless states of anxiety" that are sometimes triggered by horror texts
   
He finds a similar weakness in the psychoanalytic theories of horror because they also depend upon

an interesting and insightful examination of the horror-fan subculture as it manifests through censorship debates and online postings

Hills suggests that there needs to be a greater emphasis upon the examination of fan activities and less focus upon the horror texts themselves.